What draws you to optometry as a career?

I like that optometry sits right where clinical judgement and everyday patient contact meet. I trained because I found refraction properly interesting: working out the exact combination of lenses that gives someone the clearest possible vision is a real diagnostic puzzle, not just reading letters off a chart. What has kept me in the profession is the relationships that build over years of seeing the same patients at their annual check-up. I have patients whose retinal photographs I have compared since their twenties, and being the person who first spots a change, in eye pressure, in the optic nerve, in a visual field, means the job is about more than dispensing glasses. I have picked up early signs of diabetes and high blood pressure during a routine eye test more than once, simply because the retina shows things a short GP appointment might not catch that day. I also like that every patient is a different puzzle: a first-time varifocal wearer needs a completely different conversation to a teenager with fast-progressing myopia, and getting that conversation right matters as much as getting the prescription right.

Walk me through how you conduct a full eye examination.

I start with a case history: current symptoms, general health, medication, family history of eye conditions, and how the patient actually uses their eyes day to day, screen work, driving, reading. That shapes the rest of the exam more than people expect. I check visual acuity first, then use an autorefractor to get a starting point before moving to subjective refraction with a trial frame or phoropter, refining sphere, cylinder and axis until the patient confirms the clearest, most comfortable result rather than just the sharpest one on paper. I check binocular vision and eye movements, then measure intraocular pressure and examine the front of the eye with a slit lamp. For the back of the eye I use retinal photography or OCT alongside a direct look through the pupil, checking the optic nerve, macula and blood vessels for anything unexpected. If something is borderline I add a visual field test. I finish by talking the patient through what I found in plain terms, agreeing the prescription against how they actually use their eyes, and flagging anything that needs monitoring or a referral before they leave.

How do you explain a serious finding, like early glaucoma or macular degeneration, to a patient who is frightened?

I avoid leading with the label before the patient understands what it actually means for them. I explain what I found in plain terms first, for example that the pressure in one eye is a bit higher than it should be and that this can very slowly affect eyesight if left unchecked, before naming it as glaucoma. I check what they already believe the word means, because for a lot of patients it means sudden blindness, and I correct that gently with the real picture: usually a slow condition that is very manageable when caught early. I always give a concrete next step rather than leaving it open, a referral date, what the specialist will likely do, and what changes if anything between now and then. I write down the key points for them to take home, because frightened patients rarely retain much of what is said in the room. I also make a point of checking their understanding before they leave by asking them to tell me back what happens next, rather than just asking if they have questions.

How do you keep your clinical knowledge and skills current?

I treat continuing education as an ongoing habit rather than something to catch up on before a deadline. I read the main professional journals regularly, and I go to at least one clinical conference a year where I can see new equipment demonstrated rather than just reading about it, OCT software updates and myopia management devices change often enough that hands-on time matters. I also use manufacturer training whenever new kit is installed in the practice, since a scan is only useful if you know exactly what you are looking at on the output. Beyond formal learning, I talk through unusual cases with colleagues, informally comparing what we saw and how we handled it, because peer discussion catches gaps that solo reading does not. I have recently focused on myopia management in children, since the evidence and the options, from specialist contact lenses to low-dose treatments, have moved quickly in the last few years, and I wanted to be able to discuss all of them properly with parents rather than only the one I trained on first.

Tell me about a time a routine eye exam revealed something more serious than a vision problem.

A patient came in for a routine check ahead of renewing her driving licence, no symptoms beyond slightly blurred vision she put down to tiredness. During the retinal exam I noticed swelling of the optic disc in both eyes, which a routine prescription update would not explain. I did not try to reassure her on the spot with a guess. I explained that I had found something that needed a same-day assessment, kept my language calm and factual, and phoned the eye casualty department directly rather than giving her a routine referral letter to post. She was seen that afternoon and further scans found a mass affecting pressure in the brain, unrelated to her eyes as such but showing up there first. It was found early enough that treatment options were better than they would have been if it had progressed further before diagnosis. What stayed with me is that she had no other symptoms that would have sent her to a GP, the eyes were the first place it showed. It reinforced for me that a routine appointment is never really routine until the exam is finished.

Describe a situation where you disagreed with a patient about the right course of action.

A mother brought in her nine-year-old whose myopia had progressed noticeably in a year. I recommended starting myopia management, specialist contact lenses designed to slow the progression, rather than simply updating his glasses each time his prescription worsened. She was hesitant, mainly about the cost and about her son managing contact lenses at his age, and her instinct was to just get stronger glasses and revisit it later. Rather than pushing, I walked her through what unmanaged high myopia actually means longer term, the increased risk of retinal detachment and other complications in adulthood, not just needing thicker lenses, and I showed her his own progression chart so it was not an abstract argument. I suggested a low-risk way to test it: a four-week trial period with full training on insertion, removal and hygiene, with no commitment beyond that. She agreed to the trial mainly because I had not tried to close her down in one conversation, and her son managed the lenses well from week one. He is two years into treatment now and his progression has slowed considerably compared to his baseline rate.

Tell me about a time you had to manage a fully booked day while keeping exam quality up.

A colleague called in sick on a Saturday, our busiest day, and I was left covering both clinics with a full book already confirmed. Rather than compressing every appointment equally, I asked reception to flag any same-day symptoms, red eyes, sudden vision changes, flashes or floaters, so I could see those patients first and keep everyone else roughly on schedule. For routine rechecks with a stable prescription and no new symptoms, I used the pre-test data our support staff had already collected, autorefraction, screening photos, so I was not repeating steps that had already been done accurately. I kept subjective refraction and the clinical conversation itself unrushed regardless, because that is the part patients actually notice and where mistakes matter most. I asked reception to tell anyone running more than fifteen minutes behind, rather than letting people sit without an explanation, which cut down on frustration even though the wait itself did not change. By the end of the day every patient had been seen properly, nobody had a rushed exam, and the two people flagged with symptoms that morning were dealt with as priorities rather than getting stuck in the queue.

Walk me through how you determine a prescription for corrective lenses.

I start with the autorefractor reading as a rough starting point, never as the final answer, since it is a machine estimate and needs refining against how the patient actually sees. Using a trial frame or phoropter, I refine the sphere first, using the fogging technique to relax accommodation so I am not measuring an artificially over-corrected result, particularly important with younger patients whose eyes accommodate strongly. I check the result against the red-green duochrome test as a cross-check. For astigmatism I refine cylinder power and axis using cross-cylinder lenses, comparing pairs of options rather than asking open-ended questions, since patients find 'better or worse, one or two' much easier to judge reliably than 'is this good'. I balance the two eyes together rather than perfecting each in isolation, since binocular vision is what the patient actually experiences day to day. For a patient needing a near addition I measure this separately using near-point testing appropriate to their actual reading distance and typical tasks, not a generic standard distance. Before finalising anything I compare the new prescription against their current glasses and ask specifically how they use their eyes, screen hours, driving at night, hobbies, since the sharpest possible correction is not always the most comfortable one for daily use.

How do you decide when to refer a patient to an ophthalmologist?

I think in terms of urgency first, then severity. Anything suggesting a retinal detachment, sudden flashes, a shower of new floaters, a curtain across part of the vision, goes straight to an emergency eye casualty referral the same day, by phone rather than a letter, because timing affects outcome directly. Sudden painless vision loss and significantly raised eye pressure with optic nerve changes get the same urgency. For findings that are serious but not immediately sight-threatening, unexplained optic disc swelling, an unusual macular finding, early but progressing diabetic changes, I use a routine but clearly flagged referral, and I back it up with retinal images and my own measurements rather than a bare description, since a specialist working from a clear scan and specific numbers can triage far more accurately than from a vague letter. I always write in plain clinical terms exactly what I found and why I am concerned, rather than assuming the receiving team will re-do my entire exam from scratch. After a referral I flag the patient's file to check they were actually seen, because a referral that goes nowhere protects nobody.

What is your process for fitting and troubleshooting contact lenses, especially for first-time wearers?

I start with corneal measurements, keratometry or topography depending on what is available, to choose a sensible starting base curve and diameter rather than guessing from the spectacle prescription alone. I fit a trial lens and check movement, centration and coverage on the eye under the slit lamp before letting the patient judge comfort themselves, since a lens that looks correct on the eye but moves badly will cause problems within days. For a genuine first-time wearer, I spend real time on insertion, removal and hygiene, and I make them practise both in the room rather than just watching me do it, because that is where most early dropouts happen, not from the lenses themselves. I always book a follow-up at one to two weeks rather than assuming a good initial fit means the job is done, and I check for corneal staining under the slit lamp even if the patient reports no symptoms, since early overwear damage does not always cause noticeable discomfort yet. If a patient reports dryness or discomfort at that visit, I treat it as a fit or material issue to solve first, rather than simply telling them to use more drops and hoping it settles.

Optometrist

Optometrist interviews test both clinical competence and how you talk to patients about what you find. Interviewers want to see a structured, unhurried examination routine, clear referral judgement when something falls outside your scope, and the ability to explain a diagnosis in plain language to someone who is worried. This guide covers the questions asked most often in practice and hospital eye service interviews, with answers that show clinical rigour alongside genuine patient care.

For general interview preparation tips, read our guide to common interview questions.

Prepare further

How to answer competency-based interview questions How to answer "What are your greatest strengths?"

Common Optometrist Interview Questions

Behavioural Interview Questions for Optometrist Roles

Technical Questions for Optometrist Candidates

What Hiring Managers Look for in Optometrist Interviews

What hiring managers really look for in Optometrist candidates:

Clinical curiosity that goes beyond refraction. The strongest candidates can describe catching a health issue unrelated to vision during a routine appointment, not just dispensing glasses well.
Plain-language communication with worried patients. Jargon-heavy explanations, or leading with a frightening diagnosis label before context, are a red flag.
Sound referral judgement. Candidates should distinguish clearly between same-day emergencies and routine but flagged referrals, not treat every abnormal finding the same way.
Exam discipline under time pressure. The best candidates describe triaging a busy day by symptoms rather than rushing every appointment equally to catch up.
Continuing education that goes somewhere specific. Look for a named area of recent focus, such as myopia management or new imaging technology, rather than a vague claim of staying current.

Questions to Ask Your Interviewer

→What is the average number of patients seen per day, and how much time is allocated to each type of appointment?
→What imaging equipment does the practice have, and is it used as standard on every routine exam or only when something looks abnormal?
→How does the practice handle referrals to ophthalmology: is there a direct pathway, or does everything go through the patient's GP?
→What is the split between routine eye tests, contact lens fittings, and specialist clinics such as myopia management?
→What ongoing training or professional development support does the practice provide?

Practise These Questions Before Your Interview

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